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Study Resource: List of subordinating conjunctions in German

By: Dr. Daniel Krauße

Subordinating Conjunctions of Time

German
English

als

when (for non-repeating past)

bevor

before

bis

until

ehe

before

nachdem

after

seit

since

seitdem

since

sobald

as soon as

solange (wie)

as long as

sooft

as often as

während

while

währenddessen

while

wenn

when (for present or future and repeated events in the past)

Subordinating Conjunctions of Reason

German
English

da

since, as

weil

because

weshalb

which is why

weswegen

which is why

zumal

especially as

Subordinating Conjunctions of Condition

German
English

falls

if

insofern als (dass)

inasmuch as

so (... denn)

if

sobald

once, as soon as

sofern

provided that

soweit

as far as

wenn

if

Subordinating Conjunctions of Contrast

German
English

anstatt dass

instead of

anstatt zu (+ infinitive)

instead of

auch wenn

even though

gleichwohl

although

obgleich

although, albeit

obschon

although, albeit

obwohl

although, even though

obzwar

although, albeit

selbst wenn

even if

statt dass

instead of

trotzdem

stress on dem

even though

während

while, whereas

wenn auch

even though

wenngleich … auch

even though

wiewohl

although

wobei

taking into account that

wohingegen

whereas

Subordinating Conjunctions of Purpose

German
English

damit

so that

sodass

so that

um … zu (+ infinitive)

in order to

Subordinating Conjunctions of Complement

German
English

dass

that

ob

whether, if

Subordinating Conjunctions of Comparison

German
English

je

the more

umso

all the more

Subordinating Conjunctions of Modality

German
English

als ob

as if

als wenn

as though

indem

by (doing)

ohne dass

without

ohne zu (+ infinitive)

without

so dass

so much that

so viel (auch)

however much

wie

how

wie wenn

as if

Indirect Questions

German
English

bis wann

until when

wann

when (what time or day)

warum

why

weshalb

why

wo

where

wobei

whereby

wodurch

in what way

wofür

what for

wogegen

against what

woher

where from

wohin

where to

womit

with what

wonach

after what

woneben

next to which

woran

where at

worauf

whereupon

worin

wherein

worunter

under which

wovon

what from

wovor

before what

wozu

what for

wozwischen

between which

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