Magnolia formation on Little Manatee River in Florida

Study Resource: 150+ common phrasal verbs in English and their meanings

By: Isabel McKay

Note: The list below will give some of the more common meanings of the phrasal verbs below, but does not outline every meaning for each expression. To really master these expressions, look them up in a dictionary!

Base verb
Phrasal Verb
Meaning(s)
Example
add
add up (to)

assemble numbers or evidence into a conclusion

I added up the numbers.

All the evidence added up to one conclusion: Nellie had betrayed me!

bring
bring up

mention

She brought up a few problems with that idea.

bring back

return something by hand

Marcus brought the book back to the library.

bring about

cause a change to take place

A meteor brought about the end of the dinosaurs.

break
break down

simplify

Let’s break down the steps in this process…

stop functioning

My car broke down on the way to work.

break up

separate from a close relationship (romantic or business)

The Beatles broke up in 1970.

calm
calm down

become calm

She was crying for a while, but eventually she calmed down and told me what was wrong.

carry
carry out

cause an event to happen

Napoleon carried out an attack on Egypt in 1798.

carry on

continue

We told her to be quiet, but she carried on talking during the lecture.

carry over

transfer

Does your vacation time carry over into the new year?

catch
catch up

get reacquainted

I caught up with my sister on our weekly phone call.

reach a group ahead of you while moving

Wait! Slow down so I can catch up to you!

catch out

recognize someone has lied or broken a rule

My mom is always trying to catch me out in a lie, but I almost always tell her the truth! It’s not fair!

catch on

realize what is actually going on

I finally caught on that they were talking about Jim and not his brother.

become a popular trend

Leg warmers really caught on in the 1980s.

check
check in(to) / out (of)

tell a hotel that you are arriving / leaving

We checked in(to the hotel) at 4 in the afternoon.

We checked out (of the hotel) at 10 in the morning.

check into

examine records to make sure that information is true

The police checked into their records, but there were no missing people who fit her description.

check in (on / with)

make sure someone or something is okay

Pedro checked in on his sister after her surgery.

clean
clean up

tidy a messy space

I cleaned up my house to receive guests.

clean out

empty a messy space

We cleaned out my mom’s garage so that we could sell the house.

come
come up

appear in a conversation

I thought that we would talk about our plans for next weekend, but it didn’t come up.

come up with

have an idea

Who came up with the idea for this t-shirt? It’s so funny!

come on

hurry or keep going (imperative only)

Come on! We’re going to be late!

come (a)round

visit (from the perspective of the person receiving a visit)

John came round for a visit last week

decide to agree after an argument

Patrick was angry that I bought a blender, but he came around after he realized how much he liked my smoothies.

wake up after fainting

I was very confused when I came round after surgery.

come / go up (to)

approach and stop near something or someone

A little girl came up to me in the store and said she was lost.

count
count on

feel confident about someone’s behavior (with infinitive)

I can always count on her to say the wrong thing!

feel confident that someone will help you

I can really count on her.

dig
dig in(to)

eat with energy

The kids really dug in(to their dinner)!

investigate

The police dug into his past a little, and found out that he had been arrested before.

fall
fall apart

collapse into pieces

My daughter’s toy fell apart even though she only used it once!

fall down / over

fall to the ground from a standing or upright position

Tony was so dizzy that he fell down / over.

fall out

have a fight that damages a relationship

I fell out with my best friend over where we should go on vacation.

figure
figure out

solve puzzle or discover information

After talking to him for a while, I figured out that he worked for Google.

find
find out

discover a fact / secret

Margaret found out that her great grandfather was from Portugal.

freak
freak out

panic or become wild with emotion (casual)

My mom really freaked out when I told her I was failing history class.

get
get over

stop feeling bad about something

At first, he was hurt by what I said, but he got over it.

get back (at)

take revenge

She got him back for the prank he played.

She got back at him for the prank he played.

get back to

return to a conversation with someone

I’ll get back to you on Monday with my answer.

get on / along (with)

have a good relationship with someone

Thankfully, my wife and my mother get on / along (with each other) very well.

get on / off

enter / exit a large vehicle

He got on the train at 44th street and he got off at 32nd street.

get around

evade a rule or obstacle

It is illegal to keep a wild bird as a pet, but Sarah got around the rule by adopting a starling, which is not protected.

get through

survive something difficult

It was a miserable afternoon, but we got through it.

get up

stand (often from bed in the morning)

Nancy usually gets up at 7 a.m.

My grandmother needs help to get up from her chair.

get out of

avoid an obligation

How did you get out of doing that assignment? It took me forever!

get away with

do something wrong without punishment

Marco always gets away with breaking the rules because the teacher likes him.

give
give up

stop trying

I tried really hard to climb the rope, but eventually I had to give up and let go.

give / hand out

distribute

The teacher gave / handed out the worksheets.

give back

return something

Give me back my controller! I want to play!

give in(to)

let someone or something else win

My mother refused to buy the toy at first, but eventually she gave in and bought it.

go
go out

leave the house

I tried to find my dad, but he’d gone out.

date

They’ve been going out for a year.

go on

happen; continue

What’s going on?

I went on talking for an hour.

go over

review

Let’s go over what we did and maybe we can figure out where we made a mistake…

go off (to)

leave for a destination

Patrick went off to Columbus for the weekend.

go away

leave

Go away Chuck! You’re being annoying!

go down

sink

The captain of the Titanic went down with the ship.

be recorded

She went down as one of the most intelligent women in history.

happen (informal)

Something went down today that will really surprise you!

grow
grow up

become mature

My mom grew up in the USSR.

hold
hold up

stop something

The hiring problems held up the project.

hold out (for)

to wait, even though making a change is tempting

Someone offered to buy my house, but I decided to hold out for a better price.

hold down

defend or protect a location

They held down the fort until more soldiers arrived.

hold / hang on(to)

not let go

The horse was bucking, but luckily he managed to hold / hang on!

keep

I held / hung onto my grandmother’s rocking chair after the funeral.

have
have on

be wearing

She had on a red baseball cap.

lie as a joke (British)

Are you having me on or did you really meet Harry Styles?

hang
hang up

end a phone call

Patrick tried to apologize, but Maggie had already hung up the phone.

hang clothing or similar items

I hung up my shirt in the closet.

hang out

spend time casually

Are you hanging out with your friends today?

I used to hang out in the school greenhouse.

hang around

spend time casually

Who is that boy that’s always hanging around here?

hurry
hurry up

hurry suddenly (usually imperative)

Hurry up! You’re falling behind!

look
look up

search for something in a reference

If you don’t know what the word means, look it up in a dictionary!

look down on

think that someone or something is inferior

I generally look down on people who are mean to waiters.

look at

examine

She looked at the painting for an hour.

look over

examine and check information

I had my friend look over my English homework before I turned it in.

look through

examine writing quickly

She looked through the assignment, but decided to start it later.

look around

explore a location

We looked around the apartment, but decided not to rent it.

look out (for)

watch for danger (often imperative)

Look out! The lion has escaped!

watch someone to protect them

My mom told me to look out for my little brother on his first day of school.

look for

seek

Are you looking for your keys? They’re over here!

look after

take care of someone or something

I read the instructions on the tag to learn how to look after my new plant.

live
live with

become resigned

I can’t live with the fact that I hurt you!

live up to

have the positive characteristics that someone expected

The amusement park did not live up to my expectations.

lie
lie down

go from standing to lying

I told my dog to lie down on his bed.

lie around

pass time by being lazy

Don’t you have something better to do than lying around the house all day?

make
make up

stop fighting

We had a fight last night, but we made up before bedtime.

invent a story

I made up a story about a tiger to tell my daughter at bedtime.

move
move in(to) / out of

change to a new house

I moved out of my apartment and into a house in June.

pass
pass away / on

die (polite)

My first dog passed away / on when I was seven.

pass on

transfer something that you received to someone else

My daughter passed the form that the teacher gave her on to me.

pass out

faint

He held his breath for so long that he passed out!

pay
pay back

return borrowed money

I paid my brother back for the ice cream he bought me.

pay off

finish paying for a loan

We are having a party because Tom finally paid off his house!

bribe to ignore a crime

The criminals were not punished because they had paid off the police.

pick
pick up

lift in a hand

I picked up my grocery bags and walked inside.

find a signal (as with radio)

On a long car trip, I like to see what channels we can pick up when we get to new cities.

pick out

choose

Paula went to a boutique to pick out a gift for her mother’s birthday.

pick at

bother a wound with your fingers

Stop picking at your scab! You need to let it heal by itself!

pick over

look for something you want within a set of options

We got to the plant sale late and found that there wasn’t much left because the plants had been picked over by other customers.

point
point out

call attention to a fact or thing

I pointed out that he had forgotten to put on a tie.

pull
pull out (of)

decide to not participate

Paula signed up for my yoga class, but she pulled out at the last moment.

pull in(to) / out (of)

drive slowly into or out of a parking area

We pulled into the parking lot at 7 and pulled out at 10.

pull through

recover from illness or a difficult time

She had cancer, but luckily she pulled through.

pull up to

stop a vehicle at a location

After three hours of driving, we pulled up to Grandma’s house.

pull back

retreat slightly

Robin Hood pulled his men back into the hallway to recover.

put
put up

assemble a structure

We put up the tent under a large pine tree.

put up with

tolerate

I can’t put up with her bad behavior any longer!

put down

release something from a hand (onto a surface)

Please put your bag down on the table.

put together

assemble from parts

I put the furniture together by following the directions.

put off

make someone feel disgust or distaste

Her behavior towards the waiter really put me off.

get someone to go away and stop bothering you for a while

My son keeps asking me for dessert, but I managed to put him off for a while by getting out a new toy.

put back

return something to its proper place

I put the book back on the shelf after I finished reading it.

put away

put something in its proper place

I asked my son to put away all of his toys.

put out

extinguish a fire

She put out the campfire at the end of the night.

put on

start wearing something

Margot put on her new hat and admired herself in the mirror.

run
run off

leave secretly

I used to have a cat, but he ran off in the middle of the night.

run out (of)

reach the end of a resource

The test was so long that Tom ran out of time to finish it!

run into

meet unexpectedly

My dad ran into a friend of his at the store.

run through

practice or repeat quickly

We ran through our lines before the play began, to practice

spend recklessly

Unfortunately, I ran through all of my spending money for the week in just 2 days.

run away (from)

flee

Pat ran away from the bear.

see
see off

attend someone’s departure

Pat’s dad went to the train station with her to see her off.

sell
sell out

lose integrity in order to make more money

He used to be my favorite singer before he sold out and started making boring music.

set
set down

stop holding and put on a surface

Carefully, he set the vase down on the table.

set out

start a quest (literal or figurative)

I didn’t set out to hurt him, but I think that I did.

place things on a surface in an organized way

She set her art out on the table at the art sale.

set off

trigger something, like an alarm

The burglars were caught because they set off the alarm.

show
show up

arrive or appear

My dad showed up late for the party because of the traffic.

show off

display one’s talents

When Sebastian was eight, he loved to show off his tricks on the monkey bars.

show around

give someone a tour

The real estate agent showed her clients around the house.

sign
sign up

put your name on a list to do a task

I signed up for a new aerobics class that starts next month.

sign off

give written permission to an inferior

The staff are having a pizza party. Did you sign off on this?

sit
sit down

go from standing to sitting

The guests sat down around the table for dinner.

sit up

straighten one’s back in a chair

You look like a slob in that chair. Sit up!

speak
speak up

speak more loudly

Paula was a shy child and her teachers always had to ask her to speak up.

speak out

talk about your opinion on an issue

Celebrities are often asked to speak out about political issues.

split
split up

separate into parts or pieces

The teacher split up the students into four groups.

stay
stay in / out

stay at home / away from home

When we were teenagers, my brother would stay out late every night, but I preferred to stay in.

stay over

spend the night at someone else’s house

Does Nick need a ride home, or is he staying over tonight?

take
take over

take control of something

Our new boss takes over in May, after our old boss retires.

take down

disassemble a structure

We took down the tent before packing everything else, so that it could dry in the sun.

take up

claim an object, cause, or responsibility (poetic)

When his mentor died, the hero took up his sword and fought the villain himself!

take out

redirect a negative emotion to someone / something else

My friend is really angry at his parents, but he’s taking it out on me.

bring someone to a restaurant and pay for them

When my mom comes to visit, I’ll be taking her out to my favorite restaurant.

take back

grab your possession from someone else

When she saw how her sister was treating her doll, Alice took it back from her.

take on

claim a burden or responsibility

After I got my driver’s license, I took on more responsibility for my siblings.

oppose something or someone

In tonight’s game, The Lions are taking on The Bears.

take off

remove clothing

He asks his guests to take off their shoes before they enter the house.

start to fly

The plane will take off at 7:45.

take after

resemble

Everyone says I take after my mother, but in personality I am more like my dad.

talk
talk over

discuss a problem

After our fight, we talked over what had happened and apologized.

talk around

avoid a topic that everyone is aware is important

After Jane and Jeffrey fought, they acted like nothing was wrong, but we all knew they were just talking around the issue.

throw
throw out / away

put in the trash

After I finished making my broth, I threw the chicken bones out / away.

throw up

vomit

Sam can’t come to school today because he threw up this morning.

throw on

quickly dress in a garment

I was in bed when the doorbell rang, so I threw on a robe to answer the door.

try
try on

sample clothing to see if it looks good

I like to go shopping, but I hate trying on clothes in the changing rooms.

try out

sample something

Patrick likes to try out all the options before he buys a new bike.

turn
turn out

result in a circumstance

As it turned out, my daughter did like to eat sweet potatoes.

turn up / down

raise or lower volume

I know that you just turned down the volume, but now it’s too quiet. Could you turn it up just a little bit?

turn around

reverse direction

Norah drove past the zoo so she had to turn around and come back.

turn over

flip upside-down

He turned over the form and found more questions on the other side.

turn into

transform

The giant robot turned into a car!

wake
wake up

become awake

I generally wake up at 6:45, but I lie in bed for a while after that.

watch
watch out (for)

be aware of a possible danger

You should watch out for dangerous drivers on New Year’s Eve!

work
work out

exercise

I usually work out at the gym near my house.

solve a puzzle, problem, or conflict

Paula and Jeffery worked out a solution: he would do the dishes and she would clean the bathrooms.

work up

get someone excited or brave

My uncle always gets worked up when he talks about football and we have to tell him to calm down.

work around

discover a solution that avoids an obstacle

Johnny has school from 8 to 3, so we had to work around that so that he could be in the movie.

work through

solve a problem step-by-step

Nick is working through a lot of issues from his childhood with his therapist.

work on

make progress on a task

I’m going to work on my English homework first tonight.

work ahead

make progress on a task before you need to

I think I’ll work ahead in math, because I’m going to be very busy next week.

write
write down

write information

Please write your name and date of birth down at the top of the page.

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