Study Resource: Brazilian Portuguese verbs with a spelling change between the infinitive and present subjunctive
The verbs listed below will undergo spelling changes which allow their to retain the same pronunciation in the present subjunctive that is they have in the form.
Subject pronouns | -cer | -ger | -gir | -guer | -guir | -çar | -car | -gar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
conhecer (to know) | proteger (to protect) | fugir (to escape) | erguer (to lift) | prosseguir (to proceed) | começar (to start) | provocar (to provoke) | esfregar (to rub) | |
eu(I) | conheça | proteja | fuja | erga | prossiga | comece | provoque | esfregue |
tu(you) | conheças | protejas | fujas | ergas | prossigas | comeces | provoques | esfregues |
você(you, sg.) | conheça | proteja | fuja | erga | prossiga | comece | provoque | esfregue |
nós(we) | conheçamos | protejamos | fujamos | ergamos | prossigamos | comecemos | provoquemos | esfreguemos |
vocês(you, pl.) | conheçam | estejam | fujam | ergam | prossigam | comecem | provoquem | esfreguem |
Here are some other verbs that follow the patterns above:
Verbs ending in -cer:
conhecer(to know)
parecer(to seem)
envelhecer(to age)
amanhecer(to dawn)
esclarecer(to clarify)
enaltecer(to extol)
Verbs ending in -ger:
proteger(to protect)
constranger(to embarrass)
eleger(to elect)
abranger(to comprise)
ranger(to creak)
Verbs ending in -gir:
fugir(to escape)
interagir(to interact)
redigir(to redact)
emergir(to emerge)
restringir(to restrict)
dirigir(to drive)
Verbs ending in -guer:
erguer(to lift)
Verbs ending in -guir:
prosseguir(to proceed)
conseguir(to get)
seguir(to follow)
extinguir(to extinguish)
distinguir(to distinguish)
perseguir(to persecute)
Verbs ending in -çar:
começar(to begin)
tropeçar(to stumble)
endereçar(to address)
despedaçar(to shatter)
encabeçar(to head)
Verbs ending in -car:
provocar(to provoke)
equivocar(to mistake)
tocar(to play, to touch)
alocar(to allocte)
focar(to focus)
colocar(to put)
Verbs ending in -gar:
esfregar(to rub)
agregar(to aggregate)
empregar(to employ)
regar(to water)
escorregar(to slip)
navegar(to navigate)
