Study Resource: Brazilian Portuguese past participle reference sheet
By: Ana Amélia Rodrigues dos Santos
The following charts will help you to form past participles in Brazilian Portuguese.
Regular past participles in Brazilian Portuguese
These are the rules for forming the past participles of verbs. Notice that both -er and -ir verbs take the -ido ending in the past participle form, while -ar verbs take -ado.
Verb Group | Rule | Infinitive | Participle |
|---|---|---|---|
-ar verbs | -ar → -ado | cantar(to sing) | cantado |
estudar(to study) | estudado | ||
-er verbs | -er → -ido | comer(to eat) | comido |
viver(to live) | vivido | ||
-ir verbs | ir → -ido | partir(to leave) | partido |
dividir(to divide) | dividido |
Irregular past participles in Brazilian Portuguese
The following verbs are some of the most common verbs that have only an past participle form.
Infinitive | Participle |
|---|---|
dizer(to say) | dito |
fazer(to do, to make) | feito |
escrever(to write) | dito |
pôr(to put) | dito |
ver(to see) | dito |
vir(to come) | dito |
abrir(to open) | dito |
cobrir(to cover) | dito |
Brazilian Portuguese verbs with two past participle forms
The following are some common Brazilian Portuguese verbs that have both a regular and an irregular participle form. The regular form is generally used with the ter(to have) or haver(to have), while the irregular forms are used elsewhere.
(In casual speech, you may hear the irregular form used even with ter and haver.)
Infinitive | Participle (regular) | Participle (irregular) |
|---|---|---|
absorver(to absorb) | absorvido | absorto |
abstrair(to abstract) | abstraído | abstrato |
aceitar(to accept) | aceitado | aceito |
acender(to light) | acendido | aceso |
afeiçoar(to shape, to trim) | afeiçoado | afeto |
afligir(to afflict) | afligido | aflito |
agradecer(to thank) | agradecido | grato |
anexar(to attach) | anexado | anexo |
aspergir(to sprinkle) | aspergido | asperso |
assentar(to settle) | assentado | assente |
assumir(to assume) | assumido | assumpto |
atender(to attend) | atendido | atento |
benzer(to bless) | benzido | bento |
cativar(to captivate) | cativado | cativo |
cegar(to blind) | cegado | cego |
completar(to complete) | completado | completo |
comprimir(to compress) | comprimido | compresso |
concluir(to conclude) | concluído | concluso |
confessar(to confess) | confessado | confesso |
confundir(to confuse) | confundido | confuso |
convencer(to convince) | convencido | convicto |
converter(to convert) | convertido | converso |
corrigir(to correct) | corrigido | correto |
corromper(to corrupt) | corrompido | corrupto |
cultivar(to cultivate) | cultivado | culto |
defender(to defend) | defendido | defeso |
descalçar(to peel off) | descalçado | descalço |
desenvolver(to develop) | desenvolvido | desenvolto |
despertar(to awaken) | despertado | desperto |
dispersar(to dismiss) | dispersado | disperso |
dissolver(to dissolve) | dissolvido | dissoluto |
eleger(to elect) | elegido | eleito |
emergir(to emerge) | emergido | emerso |
empregar(to employ) | empregado | empregue |
encarregar(to charge, to delegate) | encarregado | encarregue |
encher(to fill) | enchido | cheio |
entregar(to deliver) | entregado | entregue |
envolver(to involve) | envolvido | envolto |
enxugar(to wipe) | enxugado | enxuto |
erigir(to stiffen) | erigido | ereto |
exaurir(to exhaust) | exaurido | exausto |
expelir(to expel) | expelido | expulso |
expressar(to express) | expressado | expresso |
exprimir(to express) | exprimido | expresso |
expulsar(to kick out) | expulsado | expulso |
extinguir(to extinguish) | extinguido | extinto |
fartar(to get fed up) | fartado | farto |
findar(to finish) | findado | findo |
fixar(to fix) | fixado | fixo |
frigir(to fry) | frigido | frito |
fritar(to fry) | fritado | frito |
ganhar(to earn, to win) | ganhado | ganho |
gastar(to spend) | gastado | gasto |
imergir(to immerse) | imergido | imerso |
imprimir(to print) | imprimido | impresso |
incluir(to include) | incluído | incluso |
incorrer(to incur) | incorrido | incurso |
infectar(to infect) | infectado | infecto |
inquietar(to disturb) | inquietado | inquieto |
inserir(to insert) | inserido | inserto |
isentar(to exempt) | isentado | isento |
juntar(to join) | juntado | junto |
libertar(to free) | libertado | liberto |
limpar(to clean) | limpado | limpo |
livrar(to free, to rid) | livrado | livre |
manifestar(to manifest) | manifestado | manifesto |
matar(to kill) | matado | morto |
misturar(to mix) | misturado | misto |
morrer(to die) | morrido | misto |
murchar(to wither) | murchado | murcho |
nascer(to get born) | nascido | nado/nato |
ocultar(to hide) | ocultado | oculto |
omitir(to omit) | omitido | omisso |
oprimir(to oppress) | oprimido | opresso |
pagar(to pay) | pagado | pago |
pasmar(to amaze) | pasmado | pasmo |
pegar(to pick up, to catch) | pegado | pego |
perverter(to pervert) | pervertido | perverso |
prender(to arrest, to fasten) | prendido | preso |
pretender(to intend) | pretendido | pretenso |
repelir(to repel) | repelido | repulso |
restringir(to restrict) | restringido | restrito |
revolver(to turn over) | revolvido | revolto |
romper(to break up) | rompido | roto |
salvar(to save) | salvado | salvo |
secar(to dry) | secado | seco |
segurar(to hold) | segurado | seguro |
sepultar(to bury) | sepultado | sepulto |
situar(to situate) | situado | sito |
soltar(to release) | soltado | solto |
submergir(to submerge) | submergido | submerso |
submeter(to submit) | submetido | submisso |
sujar(to dirty) | sujado | sujo |
sujeitar(to subject) | sujeitado | sujeito |
suprimir(to suppress) | suprimido | supresso |
surgir(to emerge) | surgido | surto |
surpreender(to surprise) | surpreendido | surpreso |
suspeitar(to suspect) | suspeitado | suspeito |
suspender(to suspend) | suspendido | suspenso |
tingir(to dye) | tingido | tinto |
torcer(to twist) | torcido | torto |
vagar(to wander) | vagado | vago |
