Study Resource: Brazilian Portuguese past participle reference sheet
The following charts will help you to form past participles in Brazilian Portuguese.
Regular past participles in Brazilian Portuguese
These are the rules for forming the past participles of regularNo definition set for regularLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. verbs. Notice that both -er and -ir verbs take the -ido ending in the past participle form, while -ar verbs take -ado.
Verb Group | Rule | Infinitive | Participle |
|---|---|---|---|
-ar verbs | -ar → -ado | cantar(to sing) | cantado |
estudar(to study) | estudado | ||
-er verbs | -er → -ido | comer(to eat) | comido |
viver(to live) | vivido | ||
-ir verbs | ir → -ido | partir(to leave) | partido |
dividir(to divide) | dividido |
Irregular past participles in Brazilian Portuguese
The following verbs are some of the most common verbs that have only an irregularNo definition set for irregularLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. past participle form.
Infinitive | Participle |
|---|---|
dizer(to say) | dito |
fazer(to do, to make) | feito |
escrever(to write) | dito |
pôr(to put) | dito |
ver(to see) | dito |
vir(to come) | dito |
abrir(to open) | dito |
cobrir(to cover) | dito |
Brazilian Portuguese verbs with two past participle forms
The following are some common Brazilian Portuguese verbs that have both a regular and an irregular participle form. The regular form is generally used with the auxiliariesNo definition set for auxiliariesLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.ter(to have) or haver(to have), while the irregular forms are used elsewhere.
(In casual speech, you may hear the irregular form used even with ter and haver.)
Infinitive | Participle (regular) | Participle (irregular) |
|---|---|---|
absorver(to absorb) | absorvido | absorto |
abstrair(to abstract) | abstraído | abstrato |
aceitar(to accept) | aceitado | aceito |
acender(to light) | acendido | aceso |
afeiçoar(to shape, to trim) | afeiçoado | afeto |
afligir(to afflict) | afligido | aflito |
agradecer(to thank) | agradecido | grato |
anexar(to attach) | anexado | anexo |
aspergir(to sprinkle) | aspergido | asperso |
assentar(to settle) | assentado | assente |
assumir(to assume) | assumido | assumpto |
atender(to attend) | atendido | atento |
benzer(to bless) | benzido | bento |
cativar(to captivate) | cativado | cativo |
cegar(to blind) | cegado | cego |
completar(to complete) | completado | completo |
comprimir(to compress) | comprimido | compresso |
concluir(to conclude) | concluído | concluso |
confessar(to confess) | confessado | confesso |
confundir(to confuse) | confundido | confuso |
convencer(to convince) | convencido | convicto |
converter(to convert) | convertido | converso |
corrigir(to correct) | corrigido | correto |
corromper(to corrupt) | corrompido | corrupto |
cultivar(to cultivate) | cultivado | culto |
defender(to defend) | defendido | defeso |
descalçar(to peel off) | descalçado | descalço |
desenvolver(to develop) | desenvolvido | desenvolto |
despertar(to awaken) | despertado | desperto |
dispersar(to dismiss) | dispersado | disperso |
dissolver(to dissolve) | dissolvido | dissoluto |
eleger(to elect) | elegido | eleito |
emergir(to emerge) | emergido | emerso |
empregar(to employ) | empregado | empregue |
encarregar(to charge, to delegate) | encarregado | encarregue |
encher(to fill) | enchido | cheio |
entregar(to deliver) | entregado | entregue |
envolver(to involve) | envolvido | envolto |
enxugar(to wipe) | enxugado | enxuto |
erigir(to stiffen) | erigido | ereto |
exaurir(to exhaust) | exaurido | exausto |
expelir(to expel) | expelido | expulso |
expressar(to express) | expressado | expresso |
exprimir(to express) | exprimido | expresso |
expulsar(to kick out) | expulsado | expulso |
extinguir(to extinguish) | extinguido | extinto |
fartar(to get fed up) | fartado | farto |
findar(to finish) | findado | findo |
fixar(to fix) | fixado | fixo |
frigir(to fry) | frigido | frito |
fritar(to fry) | fritado | frito |
ganhar(to earn, to win) | ganhado | ganho |
gastar(to spend) | gastado | gasto |
imergir(to immerse) | imergido | imerso |
imprimir(to print) | imprimido | impresso |
incluir(to include) | incluído | incluso |
incorrer(to incur) | incorrido | incurso |
infectar(to infect) | infectado | infecto |
inquietar(to disturb) | inquietado | inquieto |
inserir(to insert) | inserido | inserto |
isentar(to exempt) | isentado | isento |
juntar(to join) | juntado | junto |
libertar(to free) | libertado | liberto |
limpar(to clean) | limpado | limpo |
livrar(to free, to rid) | livrado | livre |
manifestar(to manifest) | manifestado | manifesto |
matar(to kill) | matado | morto |
misturar(to mix) | misturado | misto |
morrer(to die) | morrido | misto |
murchar(to wither) | murchado | murcho |
nascer(to get born) | nascido | nado/nato |
ocultar(to hide) | ocultado | oculto |
omitir(to omit) | omitido | omisso |
oprimir(to oppress) | oprimido | opresso |
pagar(to pay) | pagado | pago |
pasmar(to amaze) | pasmado | pasmo |
pegar(to pick up, to catch) | pegado | pego |
perverter(to pervert) | pervertido | perverso |
prender(to arrest, to fasten) | prendido | preso |
pretender(to intend) | pretendido | pretenso |
repelir(to repel) | repelido | repulso |
restringir(to restrict) | restringido | restrito |
revolver(to turn over) | revolvido | revolto |
romper(to break up) | rompido | roto |
salvar(to save) | salvado | salvo |
secar(to dry) | secado | seco |
segurar(to hold) | segurado | seguro |
sepultar(to bury) | sepultado | sepulto |
situar(to situate) | situado | sito |
soltar(to release) | soltado | solto |
submergir(to submerge) | submergido | submerso |
submeter(to submit) | submetido | submisso |
sujar(to dirty) | sujado | sujo |
sujeitar(to subject) | sujeitado | sujeito |
suprimir(to suppress) | suprimido | supresso |
surgir(to emerge) | surgido | surto |
surpreender(to surprise) | surpreendido | surpreso |
suspeitar(to suspect) | suspeitado | suspeito |
suspender(to suspend) | suspendido | suspenso |
tingir(to dye) | tingido | tinto |
torcer(to twist) | torcido | torto |
vagar(to wander) | vagado | vago |
